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On July 22, 2025, President Trump announced a framework Strategic Trade and Investment Agreement with Japan. Under the framework, the U.S. reciprocal tariff on most Japanese imports is set at 15 percent (reduced from a threatened 25 percent), and §232 duties on Japanese automobiles and auto parts are likewise capped at 15 percent. Japan committed up to $550 billion in inbound U.S. investment in critical-industry sectors, $8 billion in agricultural goods purchases, and $7 billion per year in U.S. energy purchases including LNG. The framework was operationalized by Executive Order 14345 (September 4, 2025), with HTSUS amendments published in the Federal Register on September 16, 2025.
한·일 양국이 모두 자동차 232조 관세를 15% 캡으로 적용받게 되어 미국 시장에서 한·일 자동차 간 관세 격차가 해소됨. 한국산 자동차의 상대적 우위는 사라지지만, 일본 측이 추가 약속한 5,500억 달러 투자·8백억 달러 농산물 구매 등 비관세 양보가 한국에는 부재한 점이 동등 조건 협상의 비교 기준으로 작용할 수 있음.